Canker Sores (Mouth Ulcers)
for Teenagers
What are canker sores?
Canker sores are painful shallow ulcers (sores) in the lining of the mouth, usually on the inside of lips, inside of cheeks, and gums. You will not have a fever with a canker sore.
What is the cause?
The exact cause of canker sores is not known. Some may result from prolonged contact with food that gets stuck in the teeth. Others may be due to forgotten injuries from toothbrushes, toothpicks, rough foods (such as corn chips), hot foods, or self-biting.
Herpes simplex causes recurrent fever blisters on the outer lip but does not cause recurrent canker sores on the inside of the mouth.
How long will they last?
The white color of canker sores is the normal color of healing tissue in the mouth. They clear up in 1 to 2 weeks. Once they begin, no treatment can speed up the healing.
How can I take care of myself?
- Pain relief
To reduce the pain, swish 1 teaspoon of an antacid solution in your mouth for several minutes. For a single sore, put an antacid tablet on the sore and let it dissolve. Do this three or four times a day. Take acetaminophen (Tylenol) or ibuprofen (Advil) as needed for pain (especially at bedtime).
- Diet
Eat a soft, bland diet to reduce the pain. Cold drinks and milkshakes are especially good. Avoid salty foods, citrus fruits, and foods that need much chewing. Drink a lot of fluids to prevent dehydration.
- Prevention
Canker sores tend to recur in some people. Good attention to toothbrushing after meals and dental flossing once a day may prevent some sores. Be careful with toothpicks and rough foods.
Try to identify any foods that might be causing the ulcers. Were tomato, citrus fruit, peppermint, cinnamon, nuts, or shellfish eaten within the last day? If you find a food that you think may be causing the problem, don't eat the food for 2 weeks and then eat it again to see whether you get canker sores from it. If the canker sores do come back, never eat that food in the future.
When should I call my health care provider?
Call during office hours if:
- The pain becomes severe.
- You can't drink enough fluids.
- The sores last longer than 2 weeks.
- You feel the sores are getting worse.
